The establishment of the Security Vetting
Appeals Panel (SVAP) was announced by the Prime Minister (Mr Blair) in July
1997. It is a Non-Departmental Public Body (NDPB) with advisory functions,
sponsored by the Cabinet Office, and hears appeals against the refusal or
withdrawal of national security vetting clearance. It is available to employees
in the public and private sectors and in the Armed Forces who are subject to
national security vetting and have exhausted existing appeals mechanisms within
their own organisations and remain dissatisfied with the result. It is also
available to contractors, but not to candidates for employment.
The arrangement
was confirmed by the Prime Minister (Mr Cameron) following the change of
government in 2010, when he published a new document: “HMG Personnel Security
Controls” (https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/hmg-personnel-security-controls).The document sets out the process for reviewing decisions to refuse or
withdraw national security vetting clearance. It requires organisations to have
an internal appeals process against an initial decision. This internal process
must follow natural justice principles, with individuals who hear appeals
having had no prior involvement in the case. The arbiter is enjoined to operate
as transparently as possible, and to consider (i) the decision (including
scrutinising the information on which it was based); (ii) the decision-making
process; and (iii) the level of disclosure provided to the applicant.
Where an individual has exhausted the internal
appeals process, he or she can bring an appeal to the SVAP. The Panel will seek a statement from the
appellant and from the organisation and will arrange a hearing. The appellant
may be accompanied by a “friend” who can help them present their case. Since
the issues considered by the Panel are not matters of law, formal legal
representation is not generally permitted.
When the SVAP hears a case, it follows an
informal procedure, with hearings confidential to the parties concerned. The
Panel will review the decision to refuse or withdraw security clearance and the
process involved. It can recommend that
the vetting decision should stand, or that security clearance should be granted
or restored. It can also comment on the
process followed, and can recommend that it be re-run. It makes an ‘open’
report of its findings with recommendations to the head of the department or
organisation involved and copies the report to the appellant. SVAP
recommendations are not binding on departments and organisations, though in
practice they are almost invariably followed.
Where the case involves sensitive information which cannot be shared
with the appellant, the Panel may offer the appellant the opportunity to
request the appointment of a special advocate, who can make representations on
behalf of the appellant. In such cases,
a separate ‘closed’ report will be made to the head of the department or
organisation.